Proper sample preparation is essential for obtaining high-quality results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Several key factors must be addressed to ensure diffraction peaks are clearly detected by the instrument.

Grinding and Homogenization

For powders and bulk samples, use a mortar and pestle or agate ball mill to grind the material into a uniformly fine consistency. Particle size should be less than 40μm on average. Grinding breaks up inhomogeneities that could obscure diffraction peaks.

Polycrystalline and homogeneous samples give the cleanest diffractograms. If particulates are significantly different in composition, separate them before analysis or model as composite during data processing.

Certain samples like welded metals may require DW-XRD-27mini Desktop XRD to target specific surface/interior regions for analysis. Etching or microtomy may selectively remove overburden material in these cases.

Proper grinding facilitates optimal sample packing in the holder for maximum intensity measurements by the XRD instrument. Clumps and gaps degrade sensitivity.

Mounting and Leveling

Use a powder holder of appropriate size so the sample surface is level with the top edge once packed. Remove excess material with a spatula to achieve a smooth, consistent fill.

For liquid or wax-mounted samples, apply a flat, uniform layer that fully covers the diffusion area and diffracts coherently. Over-thick coatings diminish intensity.

Avoid preferred orientation effects by ensuring powder packing permits random crystallite distribution and orientations.

Level sample surfaces avoid spurious peaks from non-planar regions and optimize intensities for the most accurate interpretation of diffraction patterns.