Proteomics plays a vital and growing role in Infectious Disease Research, offering a molecular-level view of host-pathogen interactions and facilitating the development of new diagnostics and prophylactic agents. By analyzing the proteomes of pathogens—including bacteria, viruses, and parasites—researchers can identify virulence factors, secreted proteins, and cell surface molecules that are essential for the pathogen's survival and infectivity. These proteins represent attractive targets for novel drug development or vaccine candidates.

Equally important is the study of the host's response. Proteomics allows for the systematic monitoring of changes in the host's protein expression and signaling pathways following infection or vaccination. This analysis provides deeper insight into the body's immune response, identifying potential protein biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis of infection (such as tuberculosis or sepsis) and helping to differentiate between effective and non-effective immune responses. This understanding is critical for accelerating the rational design of next-generation vaccines.

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